Development history and significance of mineral processing

Early beneficiation is the use of physical properties of minerals or differences in surface physicochemical properties, but does not change the physical separation process of mineral chemical composition, mainly used to treat metal ore, called "ore selection". Later, it will be extended to the selection of non-metallic mineral raw materials, called "mineral sorting." Later, the process of recovering the useful components of mineral raw materials by chemical methods was also included in the beneficiation, called chemical beneficiation.

Mineral processing has evolved from the treatment of coarse-grained materials to fine-grained materials, from the treatment of simple ores to complex ores, from the simple use of physical methods to the use of physicochemical methods and chemical methods. In the early days, people chose by hand; later, metal minerals were selected from river sands using simple panning tools. China Hubei Green Mountain copper mining and metallurgy sites in the "boat-shaped wooden bucket" is two thousand years ago panning tools copper ore. Tang Fan swears in the book "Ban Shu" with the record of "brown gold out of Lishui, Shengsha eliminated", describing the situation of gold mining in the then. In the "Tiangong Kaiwu", after the ore was mined, it was "cleaned first", then "cooked into the furnace", and the mineral processing records of tin and other ores. Europe has a mechanical equipment re-election in 1848 ── piston jig, 1880 invention of electrostatic separator, magnetic separator invention in 1890, promoted the development of steel industry. In 1893, the shaker was invented. Prior to the widespread use of flotation, re-election has been the main method of beneficiation. The 1906 Foam Flotation Act was patented. Flotation can handle fine-grain complex ore, which significantly promotes the development of mineral processing technology . After the 1940s, chemistry was selected for the treatment of copper oxide ore and uranium ore, and later used to treat complex, difficult-to-select, fine-grained mineral raw materials. Since the 1960s, fine-grain re-election, fine-grain flotation, wet-type strong magnetic separation, and combined metallurgical processes have been greatly developed.

In 1867, Rettinger studied "Politics" and initially formed a beneficiation system. In 1903, "The Mineral Processing" formed an independent mineral processing engineering. In 1933, Rebinger was the "Physical Chemistry of Flotation Process". In 1939, he was highly enlisted in "The Principles of Mineral Processing". In 1940, Leah was in charge of Gravity Dressing, 1944.

In the 1920s, China saw a mechanical beneficiation plant, such as the Shuikoushan Concentrator in Hunan. After 1949, there have been great developments in mineral processing indicators, processing capacity and mineral processing science and technology. Tungsten, tin and other mineral processing technologies have a high level in some aspects, creating a unique centrifugal concentrator, vibrating chute, ring-type flotation machine and other new equipment, and the first to use a segregation-flotation method to recover Copper oxide.

The mineral processing process consists mainly of two basic parts, dissociation and sorting, including:

Preparation of mineral raw materials prior to selection includes comminution (including and grinding), sieving and grading, and sometimes washing.

The significance of mineral processing can be analyzed from the following three aspects:

1. From a technical point of view, the development of science and technology and industry has higher and higher requirements for the quality of mineral raw materials. The direct mining of ore is often not up to standard, and the ore processing of ore can meet the requirements. Bijia, the iron ore in the iron ore is high in the production of pig iron brittle, at this time the reduction of sulfur and phosphorus content of the beneficiation process is necessary; the production of magnetic material iron fine powder, sometimes requires its silicon content is lower than o .4%, such super concentrates are not eligible for mineral processing. The list goes on. Now, mineral processing is becoming more and more popular as a necessary part of mineral processing;

2. From an economic perspective, mineral processing can bring economic benefits to mines, plants and smelters. For example, a small iron ore plant can process 32% of the iron from the Taiwanese iron to produce 65% iron concentrate, and the annual production of 35,000 tons of iron concentrate can make a profit of nearly one million yuan; a non-ferrous metal smelting will be the copper ore grade. Increase 1%, can produce more than 3135t of blister copper per year, the profit is considerable; an iron ore plant will increase the grade of iron ore powder by 1%, the blast furnace pig iron output can be increased by 2.5%, the coke ratio is reduced by 1.5%, and the limestone is saved by 4%. %, significant economic benefits;

3. Application of mineral processing technology can also turn waste into treasure, comprehensive recovery of various valuable components. For example, waste fly ash from thermal power plants, which occupying land and causing environmental pollution, is a major problem in power plants. The treatment of fly ash can produce iron ore, glass beads and cement ingredients. Useful products. Now the mineral processing technology has been applied in metallurgy, coal, chemical, building materials and environmental protection departments, which is of great significance to the development of the national economy.

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