Crack the password of migrant workers' cultural life: work to work, go to sleep

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Culture is one of the bloodlines that a nation can inherit. As a large agricultural country with hundreds of millions of agricultural populations, China has seen a large number of migrant workers flood into the cities as the dual structure of urban and rural areas has changed. In the face of strange cities, every migrant worker who has left his hometown to seek a dream is eager to integrate into it and improve and enhance the quality of life for himself and his family.

From the improvement of life to the integration of cities, hundreds of millions of migrant workers must overcome the challenges not only of food and clothing, but also of urban culture. Paying attention to the spiritual and cultural life of migrant workers is the aim of meeting the spirit of humanistic care in modern society. How to improve the amateur cultural life of migrant workers has become a crucial link in ensuring social stability and creating a harmonious society. The reporter has conducted a multi-faceted survey on the spiritual and cultural life of migrant workers and asked relevant experts to provide advice and suggestions on how to improve the spiritual and cultural life of migrant workers.

"Working to work, sleeping after work" is a portrait of life

Han Shuangsheng from Anhui Chizhou did renovation work in the capital in 1997 and has now been appraised as the "star celebrity foreman" at the club of the Soviet Union's foreman. He talks about his amateur life, that is, he finished his work and several fellow coworkers drink a little. Wine, chat, playing cards. He told reporters: "For our work, the day is getting tired. There is still time and energy to think about anything else. Like movies and fitness activities, the fares are so expensive. I do not want to. It is too lazy to run a library loan."

Zhang Huaming from Linyi, a rural village in Shandong Province, is engaged in security work in a community in Beijing. His 21-year-old has been in post for three years. "In addition to going online or watching TV, I went to sleep in the dormitory. I also like to play the harmonica." Then he picked up the harmonica on the pillow and gave the reporter a familiar "Let's throw the sculls." This is the full portrayal of Zhang Huaming's leisure and cultural life.

Xiaoli, who is working in a restaurant, spends her free time shopping with her two sisters. She likes to go to Xidan Book Building and find a staircase to sit and read novels. “Sometimes I forgot to eat at noon, and I couldn’t help tomorrow when I saw the wonderful scene. Look at the story again in the next class. Each time passing the beautiful building of the National Theatre, I dreamed that I could go to the scene to see a performance.” She told the reporter that she had a heart desire.

Xiao Xing, from Xinyang, Henan, came to Beijing to do sales work two years ago. He said: "In the past, I didn't realize the importance of knowledge in my hometown. I didn't think I needed to learn more after work." For this reason, she took full advantage of her limited spare time, worked hard to learn related professional knowledge, and kept charging herself. . Xiao Xing is full of passion for the industry he is engaged in and hopes to be promoted to the project manager in the company a few years later.

On the scene of many job fairs held after the Spring Festival, the reporter interviewed a number of job seekers from Guangxi, Hubei, Yunnan and Sichuan. The migrant workers expressed their willingness to apply for jobs. In addition to salary and social welfare protection, they also paid great attention to the employment environment. The "spiritual welfare".

The person in charge of the many recruiting units interviewed said that without entertainment facilities, it has brought obstacles to the recruitment of enterprises. Many county-level economic and technological development zones where labor-intensive industries are concentrated and some factory sites on the outskirts of the city are not even connected to a shopping mall or an entertainment site around the factory site. Some manufacturers do not have employees' cultural and sports activities, and even the transportation to the city is a problem. . Workers have long working hours and labor intensity, and many migrant workers feel lonely and unbearable.

“Working to work, sleeping after work” is a portrayal of the lives of many peasants working in cities. "Migrant workers also work, non-farm non-farm" is their identity characteristics; "desertification, islanding" is their inner emotional state. Recently, Xu Xiaoquan, Gong Santang, Deng Hui, Deng Yunming, Yu Daxi, Chen Hongping, and Hu Jianying. Seven deputies of the Jiangxi Provincial People's Congress discovered after a special investigation that surfing the Internet, sleeping, watching movies or television are actually in the spiritual and cultural life of migrant workers in leisure time. The top three ways.

The group of migrant workers, especially the 80s and 90th migrant workers who account for 60% of the total number of migrant workers, have higher levels of education than the older generation. Their identity with the city far exceeds the recognition of the rural areas and their way of entertainment. Already diversified, they show “high craving” for cultural life, but the restrictions of real-life conditions often leave them in the “spiritual gap” zone. While more and more attention has been paid to the rights and interests of the new generation of peasant workers, the problems of the spiritual life, spiritual soothing and humanistic care of the migrant workers have also become increasingly prominent.

Culture has brought migrant workers closer to the city

Many new generations of migrant workers want to integrate into the life of the city and become new citizens. "If the company can organize a performance for us, and it will be good to have regular movies or something," and "I hope to build a library, an Internet cafe, and the like in the residential community on the site." During the interview, reporters can hear this everywhere. Voices and expectations.

At the construction site of the Wuhan CC Greenfield Center project of the China Construction Third Bureau, the reporter saw that on both sides of the road were posted pictures of various cultural and sports activities organized by the China Construction Third Bureau. The migrant workers lived in a board room and they were clean and tidy. Special facilities such as a doctor's office, barber shop, laundry room, and guest house that provide professional services for migrant workers are provided. The bathroom provides hot water for 24 hours. The details of the details all reflect the enterprise's humanistic care for migrant workers.

27-year-old welder Yuan Zhaoxuan came to the construction for nearly a year. “I can participate in this project and say it with pride. I must know that this is the tallest building in 606 meters, the second tallest building in China. After work, and a few coworkers Play billiards and table tennis in the staff's home and sports room for a while. We also have a distance education center and a library. The amateur school regularly holds special lectures on “cultivation of talents” at night at 8:30 pm. Special education, etc. My spare time has been filled up, and I have no time to think about my home,” he told reporters with a smile.

On the construction site of Wuhan Baibuoting Modern Project Department, Li Xuping from Yichang, Hubei Province, and his wife Li Qiongli after the Spring Festival with their two-year-old daughter and a family of three lived in the company's exclusive coat room for visiting relatives. A bed, a large wardrobe, a dining table, a 32-inch LCD TV, a fridge and a washing machine are all available. Their faces are filled with happy smiles, attracting the envy of other workers.

In the cultural activity room of the construction site, the reporter saw that the iron bookcase was rich in content; there were more than 200 books on the top shelf, and other entertainment items such as poker and chess were neatly placed on the bottom layer. According to the project manager's introduction, there was no room for cultural activities in other places. The workers did not watch TV or read books. Some have taken work, others have gone to bed, and some groups have been idle in the city streets. Now that there is a cultural position on the construction site, everyone is concentrated here as soon as they finish their work. Reading books and reading TV and watching TV are all fun. Cultural space has brought migrant workers closer to the city and has given them spiritual warmth and comfort.

The culture is nourished by soundness. With healthy and progressive “creative atmosphere” and “environmental creation”, the quality of migrant workers will be greatly improved. The same is the migrant workers, but Beijing University Security has achieved its own university dream. According to Wang Guiming, head of the security brigade of Peking University, Peking University’s security team has graduated more than 300 undergraduate students over the past 17 years. Some of these security guards have obtained college or undergraduate degrees, and some have also graduated from major universities. Under the strong humanistic atmosphere of Peking University, I would like to listen to lectures by well-known professors, read a library, watch a movie for a hundred years...the security team will create conditions for the development of its members.

In an interview, the reporter found that Guangdong has conducted many explorations in recent years. In view of the urban characteristics of Dongguan's migrant workers who accounted for the vast majority of permanent resident population, the Dongguan Library has launched the Dongguan Working School, which mainly serves migrant workers. Li Donglai, director of the Dongguan Library, told reporters that volunteer teachers in the school used lectures, training, and communication to teach migrant workers entrepreneurship, employment, skills training, and life encyclopedias. In the communities where migrant workers are relatively concentrated, five learning and training bases have also been established. Philanthropy lectures, skills training, and living classes have been sent to enterprises and factories. Some Cantonese language teaching materials and excellent public welfare lectures have been compiled into volumes, and CDs have been made free of charge. Migrant workers are issued.

In recent years, Dongguan Working School has held more than 1400 lectures, trainings, and exchange activities, and has more than 430,000 direct audiences. Through their active guidance, many “less casual” migrant workers have participated in activities tailored specifically for them. The knowledge classrooms are all over the country. The migrant workers in every corner of the city in Dongguan have a book to read and have spent a period of happy and happy time in a warm atmosphere.

Caring for and Enriching the Cultural Life of Migrant Workers Must Form a System

According to the analysis of experts, the system barriers caused by a series of urban public cultural sharing platforms, including household registration, make it impossible for migrant workers to arrange their own cultural life as freely as urban residents. Watching hit TV shows, singing and dancing, surfing the Internet, reading and reading newspapers and other cultural life in their spare time are basically out of touch with them. Second, corporate and industrial policies have not given sufficient attention and attention to the cultural needs of migrant workers. Many enterprises do not have the necessary supporting cultural life for migrant workers at the same time. Cultural consumption such as newspapers, books, magazines, etc., except for free gifts for companies and companies, they rarely buy on their own initiative. Due to limited income, the expenditures that can be spent on cultural life consumption are insufficient. Most of the advanced cultural and recreational facilities in the city are built to meet the needs of urban residents. The cost of consumption is high. Cultural and entertainment venues such as cinemas, cafes and bars Gymnasiums such as swimming pools, beauty clubs, etc., consume hundreds or even thousands of dollars, and new generations of migrant workers in low-income groups are discouraged.

The spiritual and cultural life of migrant workers has attracted extensive attention from the government and society. Last year, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions jointly issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Cultural Work of Peasant Workers," which is a comprehensive deployment of China's cultural construction for rural migrant workers.

Zhou Yezhong, a professor at Wuhan University’s School of Law, said in an interview that the cultural needs of migrant workers are fundamentally a cultural right. Article 47 of China's Constitution stipulates that citizens of the People's Republic of China have the freedom to conduct scientific research, literary and artistic creation and other cultural activities. The state encourages and helps creative work for the benefit of the people of citizens engaged in education, science, technology, literature, art and other cultural undertakings. Therefore, in our country, cultural rights are a basic citizen’s rights as stipulated in the Constitution. In fact, behind the monotony of the cultural life of migrant workers is the absence and imperfection of the protection of cultural rights of migrant workers. The key to strengthening the cultural life of migrant workers lies in improving the protection of their cultural rights.

To fundamentally solve the problem of poor cultural life of migrant workers, we should form a system that cares and enriches the cultural life of migrant workers, and incorporate it into the overall framework of the construction of public cultural service systems in China. Li Qiang, a professor of sociology at Tsinghua University, pointed out that migrant workers are marginalized groups outside the rural and urban social life. They can neither enjoy the rural public cultural services provided by the government, nor can they squeeze into the ranks of urban public cultural services. Therefore, relevant government departments should carry out targeted institutional arrangements for the specific nature of migrant workers, and governments at all levels should take responsibility for the protection of public resources, such as free open access to public cultural facilities for peasant-worker groups and the construction of cheap cinemas, etc. Let migrant workers out of the "work shed" to enjoy the spiritual products.

Li Qiang suggested that we must give full play to the corporate social responsibility. Employment enterprises are places where migrant workers work and live as a place of concentration. On the one hand, they enrich the ideological and cultural life of migrant workers, make them feel comfortable, fulfill their feelings, and enjoy a happy life; on the other hand, the spiritual cultural life of migrant workers is met and they will be Feelings of affection to the company, which inspires labor enthusiasm, is conducive to the harmonious and stable corporate atmosphere. Therefore, in the long run, employment companies will also benefit from this. Large-scale manufacturing enterprises, industrial parks, industrial and mining areas and other migrant workers in production and life-intensive areas should be supported by the construction of fixed cultural facilities, construction sites and other temporary migrant workers inhabited areas should be equipped with temporary cultural facilities or provide mobile services. At the same time, urban communities should incorporate migrant workers within their jurisdiction into their daily service areas. Various cultural and sports facilities should be open to migrant workers, and peasant workers should be allowed to read, have TV movies, and have a party at the party. Try to provide a variety of entertainment projects with rich and varied categories to meet the individual needs of migrant workers at different levels.

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Summary of the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Cultural Work of Migrant Workers"

◆ By 2015, a relatively complete working mechanism for migrant workers’ culture will be established and a relatively stable guarantee mechanism for migrant workers’ cultural funds will be established; migrant workers’ cultural services will be effectively incorporated into the public cultural service system, and migrant workers’ cultural activities will be normal and distinctive; the majority of migrant workers Satisfaction with public cultural services has increased significantly.

â—† The government of permanent residence is the main body responsible for protecting the cultural rights and interests of migrant workers and satisfying the cultural needs of migrant workers.

◆ Continue to increase the free opening up of public cultural units such as libraries, cultural centers (stations), museums, art galleries, and workers’ cultural palaces (clubs), and give full play to their main role in meeting the cultural needs of migrant workers.

â—†Urban communities should base their resident population on the basis of full consideration of the scale, characteristics, and cultural needs of migrant workers within the jurisdiction, plan and construct and optimize the allocation of community cultural facilities and services, and build a migrant worker culture service platform based on community cultural facilities.

â—† Guide enterprises to incorporate the cultural life of migrant workers into the scope of corporate culture construction and enhance the awareness of enterprises in carrying out cultural work for migrant workers. We urge enterprises to strictly implement various laws and regulations so that migrant workers have the time and energy to participate in cultural activities and effectively protect the cultural participation rights of migrant workers.

â—† Large-scale manufacturing enterprises, industrial parks, industrial and mining areas, etc. The production and life-intensive areas of peasant workers refer to the construction standards of local public cultural facilities, supporting the construction of fixed cultural facilities, construction sites, and other temporary migrant workers inhabited areas with temporary cultural facilities or providing mobile services.

◆ We must pay special attention to the spiritual and cultural needs of the new generation of migrant workers, strengthen their values ​​and humanistic concerns, psychological counseling and spiritual comfort, and guide them in accordance with the requirements of modern urban civilization to standardize their own behavior, improve their cultural quality, ability to withstand setbacks. And integration.

â—† When governments at all levels prepare budgets for public cultural services, they must fully consider the needs of migrant workers in the jurisdiction's cultural work, and effectively incorporate the daily expenses of migrant workers' cultural work into the funds for public cultural services in permanent residence. In response to the special cultural needs of migrant workers, special funds for migrant workers' culture were established and included in the budgets of governments at all levels, with special emphasis on protecting peasant workers' special public cultural services, purchase of specific cultural products, and special policy guidance.

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