Brakes are used on the cars of railway trains to enable deceleration, control acceleration (downhill) or to keep them standing when parked. While the basic principle is familiar from road vehicle usage, operational features are more complex because of the need to control multiple linked carriages and to be effective on vehicles left without a prime mover. The brake shoe carries the Brake Block. The block was originally made of wood but is now usually cast iron. When the brake is applied, the shoe moves and presses the block against the tread of the wheel. As well as providing braking effort this also "scrubs" the wheel and keeps it clean. This scrubbing causes wear and tearon the wheel tread and often causes brake squeal. Tread brakes on passenger trains have now largely been superseded by disc brakes.
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The salt price in the north, led by the Shandong region, has been rising continuously. This week's rise was 2.33%, and the increase was 2.38% last week. The standard salt price in Shandong is now 185-195 yuan/ton (excluding tax), and the non-compliance salt is 175-185 yuan/ton (excluding tax). The local sea salt in Liaoning Province is sent to neighboring downstream companies and the salt price is 320- 330 yuan / ton (tax included). The current local factory price of raw salt in Hebei is about RMB 240/t (including tax). All regions showed a strong desire to increase prices.
Experts analyzed several reasons:
First, the impact of the weather: by the winter and low temperatures in spring and spring, heavy snow and other adverse weather, the first time the spring salt salt fishing time generally delayed about 20 days from the same period last year. Since August, the precipitation in the northern salt region has been concentrated. Affected by this, the major production areas in the northern sea salt areas such as Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, and Liaoning have suffered serious reductions, which have seriously affected the production of autumn salt and the salt production in the spring. Take Dongying as an example. Dongying City suffered continuous rainfall recently. As of August 12, the northern salt region has reached 330 millimeters of rainfall. Dongying Jinrun Salt Chemical Co., Ltd. has severely damaged its dyke, and 2,500 hectares of crystallized ponds have appeared freshwater. The phenomenon of intrusion caused dissolution of 10,000 tons of crude salt, 80 tons of bromine production, and economic loss of 4.8 million yuan. The rainfall in the southern salt region reached 160 millimeters. Freshwater inversion occurred in the crystallization pond, dissolving 10,000 tons of original salt, diluting 200,000 square meters of high-grade brine and 250,000 cubic meters of medium-grade brine. It is estimated that Yanli County will reduce 50,000 tons of raw salt, 260 tons of bromine, and direct economic losses of 13 million yuan. At present, major salt areas are actively organizing the restoration of production, and strive to minimize losses.
Second, chlor-alkali business needs increase:
It is understood that with the improvement of the domestic economic situation, the economic situation in the second half of the year will continue to have a positive trend. In particular, the caustic soda and soda ash industries have shown signs of recovery. It is also known that by the end of July, the stocks of crude salt in major northern chlor-alkali enterprises will be almost completely consumed, and large-scale chlor-alkali enterprises will run out of inventory around August 10. At present, all major chlor-alkali enterprises have begun to stock large quantities of raw salt to prepare for the second half of production.
Many chlor-alkali companies have already seen the gradual increase in the price of raw salt and have stored raw salt one after another. It is understood that Weifang soda ash plant and other chemical companies have begun to accumulate large amounts of raw salt and increase inventory. For example, Weifang Longwei Group, in addition to raw salt produced by its own salt field, has also purchased a large amount of raw salt from the outside world, and adopted cash purchases at market prices, and recently increased the acquisition of raw salt.
Third, salt companies reluctant to sell In recent years, with the reduction of sea salt production in the North, the demand has gradually increased. The balance of production and sales of sea salt in the North has been broken, and the original salt gap has increased in the sales radius. At present, with the continuous increase in the market price of sea salt, the salt market in Weifang Prefecture is generally reluctant to sell, the salt farm owner is looking for a strong upward trend, and the expected value of the original salt price increases continuously. Some chemical companies urgently needed raw salt for the sake of smooth production in the second half of the year. Faced with this situation, large salt fields, such as Weidong Salt Field, have already taken the lead in raising prices. Small and medium-sized salt fields have also followed price increases, and more salt fields have taken reluctance to sell. The original salt was hoarded and the market price was expected to increase.
IV. Impact of the State's Macroeconomic Policies With the large amount of salt land in the main salt-producing areas in the northern part of the country occupied by industrial and residential land, the production of sea salt in the north has been reduced year by year. In Hanting, Tanggu, and Liaoning, the original production area of ​​sea salt in the major producing areas was seriously affected. Rizhao, Qingdao, Weihai, and Yantai (except Laizhou) had gradually changed from sea salt production areas to original salt sales areas.
Due to the above reasons, the price of sea salt has recently risen steadily, and the price of salt has begun to gradually rise. At the same time, Li Wei, an analyst at China National Chemical Network, believes that the argument that the production of salt in the North will be out of balance due to the reduction in crude salt proposed by the “First Summit on China's Saline-alkali Economic Cooperation†and that it is expected that the supply of sea salt in the North will be in short supply in the future, and the soaring salt price will be inevitable. trend.
Raw salt production will inevitably boost salt prices
Recently, several major salt areas in the north have been affected by weather conditions such as large-scale rainfall. The severe reduction in production in the main salt production areas has affected the production of salt in autumn salt and even next spring, and this year, especially in the second half of the year, with the economic recovery, according to It is understood that most of the two alkali chemical companies have already run out of inventory at the end of July, and the large two-alkali chemical companies have insuffcient stocks. At present, it is the stage for increasing the inventory of crude salt. Experts engaged in the industry all the year round said: "The rise in sea salt prices is the trend of the times and there is a clear positive trend in the latter period. At present, sea salt is a price per day, one market per day, and the market price is expected to be between 200-300 yuan."