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The concentrated transmission layout of the machine tool is compact, easy to achieve centralized control, and only one box, but the transmission structure vibration and thermal deformation. When using the back-wheel drive, the belt will be directly transmitted to the spindle at high speed, running smoothly, and the processing quality is good. At low speed, the back-wheel mechanism drives and the torque is large, so it can meet the requirements of rough machining.
1. Transmission mechanism
The speed change mode is divided into step speed change and stepless speed change. The stepped speed change mechanism has the following kinds:
The gear change mechanism of the gear change mechanism is simple and has a compact structure, and is mainly used for mass production of automatic or semi-automatic machine tools, special machine tools, and combination machine tools.
· Glide gear shift mechanism This shift mechanism is widely used in general machine tools and some special machine tools.
· Clutch shifting motion There are many jaw clutches, gear clutches and friction disc clutches used in clutch shifting mechanisms.
2, gear arrangement and arrangement
·Gear shift gears are generally arranged on the main shaft. In order to avoid simultaneous meshing of the two pairs of gears in the same slip gear shift group, the spacing between the two fixed gears should be greater than the total width of the slip gears, ie there should be a certain clearance ( 1-2mm),
If there is no special situation, the axial arrangement size of gears should be reduced as much as possible. The axial position of the sliding gear is usually narrow and wide. The narrow axial length is generally small.
In order to reduce the size of the transmission, it is necessary to shorten the axial size, but also to shorten the radial size, they are often related to each other, we should consider the overall situation according to specific circumstances, and properly address the problem of gear layout.
• Under the condition that the strength is allowed, try to select a smaller number of teeth and make the reduction gear ratio of the gear larger than 1/4. In this way, the distance between the shafts of the current transmission group is reduced without interfering with the shaft-to-axle distance of other transmission groups.
3, the main drive start and stop, brake device
Stop and stop device
The start-stop device is used to control the start and stop of the spindle. There are two ways to start and stop the motor, and to open and stop the clutch. When the motor power is less, the motor can be started or stopped directly. When the motor power is large, the clutch can be used to start and stop the spindle.
Braking device
When loading and unloading the workpiece, measuring the size of the machined surface, changing the tool, and adjusting the machine tool, it is often desirable that the main motion actuator of the machine tool stop moving as soon as possible. Therefore, the main transmission system must be equipped with a braking device. Generally, the motor can be used for reverse braking, brake braking, and brake shoe braking.
Introduction to the layout of the main drive system of the machine
The layout of the main drive system of the machine tool can be divided into two types: concentrated drive and split drive. All the transmission structure and the main shaft assembly of the main transmission system are centralized in the same box body, which is called the centralized transmission layout. The transmission parts and the main shaft assembly are respectively installed in two boxes, and the belt or chain transmission is used in the middle, which is called the separation transmission layout.