To obtain perfect joins, inside of the solder ring copper fitting and the outside of the copper pipe are cleaned using coarse steel wool, flux paste is applied, the pipe is then inserted into the fitting and heat applied from a portable propane torch until a ring of solder shows at the edges of the fitting. Sizes we have available are from 8mm to 54mm For EN1254-1 and 1/2" to 2" for ASME B16.22 ,solder ring Copper Fittings,presolder copper fittings,yorkshire copper fittings,pegler copper fittings,connex copper fittings solder ring copper fittings,presolder copper fittings,yorkshire copper fittings,pegler copper fittings,connex copper fittings Taizhou Runde Company , https://www.zjbrassfittings.com
With the development of automotive industry technology becoming more intelligent and green, automotive lighting is transforming from the traditional lighting field to the emerging LED field.
In recent years, the technology of LED has been continuously developed, the shortcomings of technology have been continuously overcome, and LED lights have become more and more intelligent, and are increasingly accepted by automobile manufacturers.
Since the LED lamp is a cold light source, it has the advantages of low power consumption and long life, and consumes only 1/10 of the power of the conventional lamp, which can save fuel consumption. For daytime running lights, the energy consumption of LED components is only 1/20 of that of halogen lamps.
Energy saving and environmental protection is a significant advantage of LED lights. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of 2015, automotive lighting needs to achieve carbon dioxide emission reduction targets. Therefore, LED car lighting has become a sweet cake robbed by various LED lighting manufacturers.
It is understood that at present, Osram, Philips and other lighting giants have released LED lighting products for automobiles, which are used in the application fields of taillights, directional lights and brake lights. The share of LED lighting for automobiles is also increasing year by year.
So how do you evaluate the lighting system of a car to meet the requirements? All along, the relevant organizations do not have a complete and complete evaluation system for automotive lighting. Only by subjective judgment, many of our car manufacturers and even car lighting manufacturers are suffering from headaches. A person in charge of a domestic automobile manufacturer expressed long-standing concerns. The foreign car lamp brand is certainly good, but for domestic car manufacturers, they still hope to find affordable local products. He said.
The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) experts have been seeking to create such standards for seven years. They have conducted 10,000 personal evaluations and 35 group discussions, and CIE's 52 member organizations (including all important car manufacturers and parts suppliers). Finally, the agreement system was agreed. This standard system (abbreviation: TC4-45) first described the standardized car illumination photometric evaluation method for the first time, providing everyone with an objective test tool.
The following is an authoritative automotive evaluation agency to take the lead in using the CIE test system to evaluate eight automotive lighting systems at different levels. It is hoped that the test results will provide some inspiration and help for domestic LED automotive lighting manufacturers.
It is understood that the models participating in this test are top-level models, from Ford Mondeo's simplest corner lights, to the intelligent lighting system of Mercedes-Benz CLS, and are objectively tested in the laboratory of the Automotive Lighting Company (AL). . Tests include illuminating brightness of headlights on different roads, identifying driving routes, pedestrians and objects, and limiting lighting glare based on objective criteria.
Some conclusions were drawn from the test scores: the good news is that none of the cars that participated in the test failed the grade, which means that all the lights provide sufficient illumination. Of course, the gap between the various models is also there, especially in a single item, the difference is even more disparity.
For example, the low beam: the BMW 5 Series creates a good right-handed light distribution in terms of the peak of all luminous fluxes, but it almost reaches the limit allowed by the dazzling driver on the opposite side. And despite Alpha. Romeo iulietta has less luminous flux, but its glare is also the lightest.
In the transition from light to dark, the testers believe that Opel Astra and the Audi A7 and Mercedes CLS using LEDs are the most modest. The difference in range between the left and right turns of the low beam is also noticeable. The gap between the Volvo S60 is about 90 meters, reaching the limit of visibility. In the high beam, Mondeo has the strongest luminous flux because it has an additional halogen high beam, but it is mainly concentrated in the middle of the road.
On the contrary, BMW has achieved the best data on both sides of the lighting, Mercedes-Benz CLS performance is also very good, basically close to the BMW 5 Series. If the measurement data is compared against the subjective practice score, then the gap is not too large. Only Mondeo and Alpha. The difference between the subjective impression of Romeo Juliet's low beam and the laboratory measurement data is obvious, but it has little effect on the ranking. The role of the adaptive lighting system is clearly outstanding, and all four models equipped with this function are therefore among the 4 star groups. In the next few years, there is still a lot of potential for development in this area. LED technology is also getting better and better, and LEDs can now compete with xenon lamps in terms of luminous flux.
The headlights of the Mercedes-Benz CLS can be seen as a vision for future technological developments. CLS is among the best in all ratings through the swingable probe lamp module. The LED technology of the Audi A7 is not much different from the CLS, but the A7 is completely dependent on electronic adaptation without mechanical movement.
Through this comparison test, lighting technology experts also believe that LED automotive lighting will be the best solution in the future, but it may take a long time to fully realize LEDization, because in the test, Juliet and S60's xenon lamp It is still far from being retired, especially if it is assisted by a halogen high beam.
In the future, LED automotive lighting has great market potential. How can we get a share in this field? We also need domestic companies to persevere in intensive research, deep research, and research and development of new automotive lighting technologies to meet the needs of the majority of automotive manufacturers. At the same time, it expands its business scope and actively participates in international competition.